Can Scanning Technique and Mastery of The Vocabulary Affect Students’ Reading Proficiency? (Case Study at Junior Secondary School in Purwakarta)

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Language has played major role for everyone.By learning and implementing it, everyone has ability to reveal their notion, emotion, and desires either by making use of spoken or written language.Until now, most of the language spoken by people is English since it has been internationally used.There are also other languages too, some of them are also major languages but nothing can compare with the English for conducting communication among people worldwide, whether they speak English or not in their own country (Brown, H. D., & Lee, H., 2015).Some countries have English as their national language but there are more countries such as ours, consider English as secondary or extraneous language.Many language instructors who teach English are those who live in the country where English is not their native language.This is because English has already been part of our life as a lingua franca to connect everybody worldwide in all aspect of knowledge, and everything we learn, as well as what we do or say every day.
There are some reasons why a language can dominate the world and be used by most of the people.When a language has become formal in a country and used in any field or situation as common communication, there is a chance that the language can be popular.Another reason for this is when the language can be taught as the main foreign language learned by the people of a country even though the language itself is not formal one to be spoken in it (David Crystal, 2003).As for English, it has taken special position since most Can Scanning Technique and Mastery of The Vocabulary Affect Students' Reading Proficiency?(Case Study at Junior Secondary School in Purwakarta) of the native or non-native English-speaking countries use English as communication in any matter.It has become a commercial language that connect people worldwide as well as an extensively used and firmly established dominant one (Rao, 2019).
In our country, one of the foreign languages learned by the people, especially in schools is English, since it has become compulsory subject from secondary school through university.English proficiency is mostly measured through four skills and mastering theme is very important for getting good education.It is also the foundation for achieving professional success and advancement.In Merdeka Curriculum, it is stated that in mastering reading comprehension, one of the language skills measured, students independently read and respond all kinds of texts in different genres to comprehend the structures, vocabularies, purpose and specific information in any text forms (Kemdikbud, 2024) Thus, what students need to know for reaching accomplishment in reading has significant part.Since all English tests conducted in every level for getting the next step in education from secondary schools to universities as well as in national assessment, then this kind of skill must be obtained (Yusuf & Fauzan, 2016).There are also some reasons why English reading proficiency need to be learned by foreign students: increase their curiosity to learn things to extend their knowledge in academic purpose and other things as well as for entertainment to refresh their mind (Hayati, 2016).
Unfortunately, there are some problems when the students in secondary schools still some difficulties in reading proficiency have especially to identify the main idea or some specific information provided in the reading text during national assessment or final test since most of the tests conducted by the students are in the forms of reading text and the time provided is very limited.So, there should be a solution to prevent this problem urgently to improve their competency (Yusuf, et. al, 2017).
Since reading considered as one of the skills or proficiency needed for the students to master, some techniques have to be implemented to gain their objectives.One of those techniques required by the students to increase their capability in getting specific information in the text while reading is scanning (Indah, 2018).When students need to find information in the text, these steps are usually done while scanning: first, getting the whole idea about information they want to find, and then, start to find the keywords related to the information by reading the text fast, and finally, when they find the keywords they need to read words around them to get the answer of the questions given about the information.
Mastering vocabulary also very important in reading proficiency since this kind of mastery have major aspect in any languages (Saputri, 2017).Mastering vocabulary shows the on going process in learning languages because having a lot of vocabularies can help students to express their ability not only in reading proficiency but also in other competencies related to the language themselves such as speaking, listening as well as writing (Yudha & Mandasari, 2021).

RESEARCH METHOD
This research method used experimental design which carried out a comparison of an activity to show the result (Sugiyono, 2013).It would confirm how the state of causal correlation between variable was investigated.In this research, there were two classes or groups.One class as an experimental one where reading activities by using scanning technique was conducted and one class as a conventional one by conducting reading activities without using or implementing the scanning method.
There were two tests that the researcher had for them to do.One test was conducted in the first meeting to get the result from the two classes or groups that they had the same ability in doing the reading proficiency test.The other test was conducted at the last meeting of the session to get the result that the experiment class or group have better result in doing the test than the conventional class or group after the scanning technique was taught.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The tools used for this research was variance analysis or Anova as one of the techniques to compare the variances from the data collected in the groups, in this case, the experiment class and the conventional class.This variance analysis is included in the category of parametric statistics.In using the formula of Anova as the parametric statistics, assumption tests such as Normality and Homogeneity Test need to be conducted.The result data of this research are: From the data above we can discuss the result as follows: First, the scanning technique can affect students' reading proficiency significantly.From the data we can see that when students conduct the reading test by using conventional and scanning technique has significant difference.The learning result by using scanning technique has higher mean score that the learning result by using conventional technique.Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that students' ability in reading proficiency with the scanning technique is better than the students' ability in reading skills with the conventional technique.The result in learning is the last conclusion from the process of learning itself by given in the form of numbers or value and scanning technique can be better tools for getting more info while doing the reading text in English (Fatmawan A, et. al, 2023).There are some reasons for increasing students' proficiency in learning foreign language especially in reading and there are also some techniques to aid students to be familiar with the English text and scanning as one of the techniques has better solution than conventional one (Indah, 2018).
Second, mastery of the vocabulary can affect students' reading proficiency significantly.From the data we can see that there is significant difference between students with high vocabulary mastery and students with low vocabulary mastery in dealing with reading proficiency.In learning a language, vocabulary plays major role because it has become the main factor in comprehending the language itself in speaking, listening, reading and writing proficiency (Mustafa et al., 2019).In conducting good communication in English, including reading the text, students' must master many words and how to implement them correctly.When they can master it, it would be easier for them to do some English test including reading English text well (Apriliani et. al., 2021).Obtaining vocabularies like in English, is the most important thing in learning any target foreign languages (Hashemi, 2021).When the students in experiment class used scanning technique in doing test about reading, their vocabularies were getting better because they just only look for the keywords that were connected between the questions and the answers, they were looking for in the reading text.The test of vocabularies usually uses some simple parameters or indicators based on their abilities in their ages such as the synonym and the antonym.
Third, when the two variables combined, they cannot affect students' reading proficiency significantly.This result can be caused by some factors such as the length of the reading text and the time provided, the level of vocabularies obtained by the students, scanning is not the only techniques in doing the text, and many others.Further research should be done in the future to reveal them.

CONCLUSION
From the result we can conclude that the scanning technique has effect in measuring students' reading proficiency, since the value of the experiment class has higher score than the conventional class.By doing the scanning, students can conduct the English reading test effectively for they do not need to read the whole passage, they just only look at the keywords from the questions about the text and then they just look for the answer